The school system in Spain is organised and regulated by the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, in cooperation with regional educational authorities. Education is compulsory for children and young people between the ages of 6 and 16, and public education is free of charge. The system is structured into different stages that guide students from early childhood through higher education, aiming to ensure equal opportunities and comprehensive development.

Overall, the Spanish education system promotes academic achievement, personal development, and social inclusion. It combines general education with vocational pathways, preparing students for further studies, employment, and active participation in society.

• Pre-primary education in Spain, known as Educación Infantil, is optional and designed for children aged 0 to 6. It is divided into two cycles: the first for ages 0–3 and the second for ages 3–6. While not compulsory, the second cycle is widely attended. At this stage, the focus is on emotional, social, and cognitive development, helping children build communication skills and adapt to a structured learning environment.
  

• Primary education (Educación Primaria) is compulsory and lasts six years, typically for students aged 6 to 12. It focuses on core subjects such as Spanish language, mathematics, natural and social sciences, and often a foreign language. The aim is to develop basic skills, literacy, and numeracy, as well as fostering creativity and social values.

• Secondary education in Spain begins with Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), which is compulsory and lasts four years (ages 12 to 16). During this stage, students follow a broad curriculum that includes sciences, humanities, languages, and physical education. Upon completion, students receive a certificate that allows them to continue their education or enter the workforce. After ESO, students can choose between different pathways. One option is the Bachillerato, a two-year academic programme (ages 16 to 18) designed for students who wish to pursue higher education. It offers various specialisations, such as sciences, humanities, and arts. Alternatively, students may opt for vocational training (Formación Profesional), which focuses on practical skills and prepares them for specific careers.

• Higher education in Spain is provided mainly by universities and specialised institutions. Universities offer academic degrees structured into bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral programmes, following the European Higher Education Area framework. Vocational higher education is also available through advanced training programmes that combine theoretical learning with practical experience.

Assessment in the Spanish education system is based on continuous evaluation, including exams, assignments, and class participation. Students are typically graded on a scale from 0 to 10, with 5 as the minimum passing mark. At the end of secondary education, students who wish to enter university must take entrance examinations, commonly known as EBAU (Evaluación del Bachillerato para el Acceso a la Universidad).